Periodontal Disease

Understanding Periodontal Disease

Periodontal disease, also called gum disease, impacts over 50% of adults in the United States, according to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). As a common dental health issue that many patients face at some point, it’s essential to understand the causes, warning signs, symptoms, diagnosis process, treatment options, and prevention methods for periodontal disease.

What Causes Periodontal Disease?

Periodontal disease occurs when bacteria build up below and around the gum line in dental plaque. As plaque and tartar accumulate along and under the gumline, the gums can become inflamed. This inflammation makes gums sensitive and likely to bleed during brushing or flossing. It causes gums to pull back from the teeth, creating widened spaces known as periodontal pockets. These pockets allow more debris and bacteria to collect. Over time, gum disease can cause damage to both gum tissue and the periodontal ligaments that attach teeth to the bone, ultimately leading to the loosening or loss of teeth.

Key Risk Factors

While poor or inconsistent oral hygiene is the primary cause of periodontal disease, certain risk factors also increase susceptibility:
– Tobacco use – smokers have a higher prevalence
– Diabetes and poor blood sugar control
– Crooked teeth or ill-fitting dental work
– Medications that cause dry mouth
– Weakened immune health

Signs and Symptoms

Symptoms may not be evident in mild or early stages of periodontal disease. As the condition progresses, common signs to watch for include:
– Red, swollen, or tender gums
– Bleeding during brushing, flossing, or eating
– Persistent bad breath
– Receding gums or exposed tooth roots
– Loose or separating teeth
– Changes in the fit of partial dentures

Preventing Periodontal Disease

Daily preventative care can stop periodontal disease from starting or progressing:
– Consistent brushing and flossing
– Regular professional cleanings and exams
– Dental sealants and adjustments
– Quitting smoking
– Managing health conditions

Seeking Prompt Evaluation and Treatment

If you notice any signs of gum disease, promptly consulting a periodontist or dentist can help prevent significant damage. Based on evaluation results, treatment options range from professional dental cleaning to flap surgery and bone/tissue grafts in cases of advanced periodontitis with significant tissue or bone loss.

Following good oral hygiene practices and getting your teeth professionally cleaned at least twice yearly can protect your smile for life. Contact our office today if you have gum pain or concerning symptoms – we’re here to help patients achieve excellent periodontal health.